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History, Carpets and Sun

Saturday 9/23/95 - Sunday 9/24/95

After nearly twenty four hours on the road and five airplane meals we arrived in Istanbul. We zipped through customs and promptly caught a taxi to Sultanamet, sharing the ride with a hip German guy and his Spanish girlfriend.

The taxi driver dropped us off in front the Hayasofa, the twenty minute ride cost about $12.00. Mel and I started looking for our hotel, trying our best to follow the guidebook directions. Several police officers offered us help, but they only succeeded in sending us in circles. Finally a macho guy sipping tea with his family inspected our guidebook map and shook his head saying "No, no, Hotel Nomad is on other side of the Hayasofa." We followed his directions and quickly found our hotel, an attractive Ottoman house tucked neatly down a curving alley. Although somewhat expensive, the Nomad is neat, clean and centrally located, I would recommend it to future travelers.

The smoking here is outrageous, most guys can't get one doused before firing up a second. This is our first day in Turkey and I've already conjured up a Euro-wreak - one part B.O. and two parts second-hand smoke.

Mel and I weren't in the country five hours before we found ourselves sipping apple tea in the upstairs showroom of a carpet wholesaler. We had just finished dinner and were walking down one of the main roadways when a middle-aged man introduced himself and then asked us where we were from. When we told him that we were from Seattle he cracked a broad smile and proudly showed us a Seattle lapel pin in the shape of an umbrella. He quickly invited us to share some tea, thinking this was an example of the famous Turkish hospitality we quickly accepted.

We were led into a small showroom lined with hundred of brightly colored carpets. At first, the subject of carpets never even came up, the sales pitch was slow, never aggressive. Three hours and $222.00 later we left with a carpet originally selling for $1800.00. If we were ripped off I can sincerely say that I don't care, it was worth the price just for admission. I am concerned however, about the prospect of lugging a 15 lb carpet around Turkey for the next two weeks.

American used car salesmen should come to Istanbul seeking the advice of the local carpet merchants. The carpet is beautiful, full of rich reds blues and golds. The salesman assured us that the fibers are 100% wool by running a zippo lighter over the carpet , not even a singe.

American dollars speak with a loud voice here in Turkey. I wanted to pay in traveler checks, but in my search for a pair of one dollar bills, I made the mistake of exposing a wad of six twenties. All action in the room came to a halt as all attention was immediately directed to the green paper. The shop owner stared at the contents of my hand with the wide-eyed lust of a Beverly Hills housewife in a jewelry store. He then gently removed the bills from my hand and placed them on the table between us, all the time saying "trust me, trust me." After another round of negotiations, during which more carpets were offered, I agreed to pay him eighty two dollars in cash, the remainder was paid in travelers checks

The experience will live for a lifetime in my memory. I must admit however that I was quite nervous about dragging Melony through the back alleys of Istanbul in tow behind a stranger we had met not five minutes prior. We were quite aware that the U.S. State department had recently issued an advisory against travel in Turkey altogether. Later that evening, Melony related how she had noticed my paranoia by my insistence that a third glass of tea be brought for our host before I would allow either of us would touch ours.

As we were leaving the carpet store I learned an interesting fact about the Muslim religion - a married man cannot touch another woman, ever. The store owner, a devout Muslim, declined to even shake Melony's hand.

Monday 9/25

Melony and I set off early for a day of sightseeing around old Istanbul. We began by following cobblestone side streets down to the old train station, the end of the line for the Orient Express. We continued on to the bustling ferry landing on the Golden Horn waterfront. I bought some bread from a street vendor for breakfast, ironically I'm having one heck of a time finding coffee here in a land famous for that coveted beverage.

After several hours of walking and people watching, we headed to our first tourist stop, the home of the Sultans - Topkapi Palace. The palace is an enormous compound first constructed in the 1450's by Mehmet the Conqueror, the Ottoman Sultan who marched, nearly unopposed, through the crumbling street of a defeated Constantinople. It was Mehmet the Conqueror who renamed the city Istanbul and converted all of the cathedrals, including the beautiful Haya Sofa, into mosques.

Much of the palace remains in good shape, we were both very impressed by the ornamental tiles which cover the walls of nearly every room. A must see part of the palace is the Harem - literally, the women's quarters. The tour of the Harem costs extra, but comes with a guide who leads you through a labyrinth of dead-end corridors. Luckily we got on with the English tour, which made it infinitely more interesting.

From the Harem we made our way to the treasury which housed some awesome gemstones, including the 86 Karat Spoon-makers Diamond, and an emerald the size of a softball. We ate lunch on the Palace grounds, unfortunately the restaurant was infested with a bunch of European pigs. I find the Turkish women to be especially quiet and graceful, whereas these Euro swine were short, fat and hell bent to be first in line.

After the Palace we arranged for our transportation to Cappadocia, and then headed for the Blue Mosque. After fighting our way thorough the carpet peddlers we de-shoed and entered the immense tiled chamber. The Blue Mosque, actually the Mosque of Sulleyman, is known as such because of the 20,000 blue tiles which decorate it's interior. The main chamber lies beneath an ornate dome balanced atop four Sequoia-sized columns. Once again, the European tour groups were living up to their arrogant, disrespectful reputation by talking loud and sitting next to the please do not sit here signs.

From the Blue Mosque we headed across the street to the site of the ancient Roman auditorium - the Hippodrome. There was little to see except for two obelisks and a destroyed statue of two intertwined serpents.

Plastic funnel-shaped loudspeakers mounted atop the Blue Mosque’s six minarets called the faithful to prayer as we left the Hippodrome. Walking to the underground cistern we were once again besieged by carpet hawkers, swarming us like flies to a rotting carcass. Built by the Byzantinan Emperor, Justinian as an emergency water supply, the cistern resembles a multi-domed cathedral, tourist books even label it the Cistern Basilica. The Byzantine engineers pilfered some five hundred Roman Doric and Corinthian columns from around the empire to complete this project. We spent the next hour listening to the calm echo of dripping water, a hour of much need serenity before returning to the noise and hustle of Istanbul.

Tuesday 9/26/95

Melony and I have successfully made it onto the bus bound for Cappadocia. The first leg of this journey was via a mini bus known as a dolmus from Old Istanbul to the modern Ataturk bus station. In Turkish, dolmus literally means stuffed, and our ride certainly lived up to its name, we shared the ninety minute ride with thirteen other travelers, five of which were French students. How exciting to be twenty and French.

 

While eavesdropping on an English tour guide who shared our dolmus I learned some interesting facts:

• Cappadocia means "the land of the beautiful horses." Arabian horses are still raised there.

• Yabashi-yabashi means "slowly slowly" in Turkish. It is the way of life around here - be patient, "it'll happen when it happens."

• There have been several instances of PKK violence against foreign tourists this past year, including the bombings of a tour bus and a casino. Six Americans were killed in the casino attack.

• About a month ago a bunch of PKK sympathizers were gathered in front of the Hayasofa chanting "we will overcome" in Turkish when riot police opened fire on the crowd. The guide said that he jumped behind a bush to escape the gunfire and stampeding crowd.

• Seven regions still weave rugs from wool died exclusively with vegetable dyes. I didn't catch the places, but I plan to interrogate him later as he is also on this bus.

• Most rugs today are dyed with chemical dyes which contain tiny metal particles which cut the rug fibers when it is walked on.

• $200.00 is the minimum price for a good 4' x 6" carpet. Paying anything less would mean that you bought some imitation junk.

The middle-aged mom sitting in front of us on the bus has henna-stained palms. Henna is a local vegetable from which an orange dye is extracted. Several days prior to a young woman’s wedding her family has a celebration, during which her palms are stained and then wrapped until the ceremony. The stain is permanent and has the color of dried blood. Henna palms are considered a sign of beauty among country folk, but naturally this tradition is fading in the urban areas. She and her husband are visibly proud of their two teenage boys who have both been sneaking smokes ever since we left the bus station.

Mel and I spent our last day in Istanbul leisurely walking from cafe to cafe, taking time out to see the Hayasofa and the grand bazaar. The dome of the Hayasofa was the largest ever constructed at that time and remained so for over one thousand years. It was eventually surpassed in the fifteenth century by St. Peter's Basilica. The dome was meant to embody the power of God, ironically many of the faithful refused to stand beneath it, terrified that it would collapse beneath it’s own weight.

We found the Grand Bazaar quite easy to navigate and the salesmen relatively mild-mannered. The Bazaar is a cobweb of covered alleys packed with a seemingly endless supply of gold, leather and carpet merchants, all operating out of closet-sized shops. A salesman approached Melony, but before he could get a word out she said "I don't want any thank you."

"But you don't even know what I'm selling" the salesman pleaded

"I don't care," replied Mel.

For me, one of the most intimidating aspects of traveling in a foreign country is entering a restaurant. Questions without answers immediately start spinning in my head; "Will I be able to read the menu?" "Is everything made with mayonnaise?" "Do I tip the waiter? If so how much?"

Luckily dining is Turkey is far from intimidating, either the host will bring you through the kitchen or everything on the menu is laid out cafeteria style. In either case one need only to point to the dish of choice and wa-la, dinner is served. The food here is wonderful, most dishes are served with rice and fresh vegetables, meats include chicken and lamb.

Wednesday 9/27

We arrived in small town of Urgup at about 7:00 AM, and immediately hired a taxi to take us to a hotel recommended by the Fodors book. Strike one for Fodors. This place is a thirty minute walk from town, the toilet doesn't, we have no hot water and the electricity just went out, all this at nearly twice the price of other local hotels.

We spent the day touring the area North of Urgup, we hooked up with a local tour company spending about $30.00 apiece. This turned out to be a good idea enabling us to see a lot in a short amount of time. The tour guide was knowledgeable and had a good sense of humor.

Not until we had paid for the tour did we come to realize that the only group leaving that day had left fifteen minutes prior to our arrival at the office. This did not seem to pose a problem as one of the office workers took us on a white-knuckle ride through narrow streets and winding country roads to catch up with the group which had stopped to look at some very unusual geological formations.

Over the centuries two large volcanoes have coated the area surrounding Urgup with a layer of volcanic tuff. In some places this soft volcanic ash is hundreds of feet thick. Because the tuff is very soft it erodes quite easily, wind and water have carved intricate sculptures resembling everything from a camel to ice cream cone shaped towers known to the locals as fairy chimneys.

The tour group consisted of two female students from Germany, a couple from Vancouver in the middle of an around the world vacation and two older snobs from New York. By the way the older snob was yes dearing and showing off Mel and I came to the conclusion that they were just married. They really lived up to the pompous wealthy American stereotype and we did our best to keep some distance.

 

After the fairy chimneys we stopped at the manmade caves near Zelve. These caves were inhabited until the late fifties when the Turkish government forced an evacuation due to landslides. Our guide hinted that this forced relocation resulted in bloodshed. Zelve is very interesting because for hundreds of years Muslims and Christians co-existed in peace practicing a sort of live and let live lifestyle known as Sophism.

Our second stop was the town of Avanos which has over one hundred small pottery shops. We visited one where the potter gave a demonstration, he even coaxed Melony into giving it a try. Both Mel and really like the painted plates, but I'm afraid that shipping then home would prove too risky.

From Avanos we went to the open air museum at Goreme (pronounce gore-a-may). Here we toured entire domed churches which were carved into the rock. Several of these churches were decorated with extensive frescoes, some of which were destroyed by vandals and superstitious Muslims fearing the evil eye.

The cave here are very interesting, sometimes they were inhabited by early Christians hiding from the Romans until Constantine instituted Christianity as the state religion in the fourth century. They were also inhabited by religious Christians during the Iconoclastic period. The iconoclastic period occurred during the middle to late eighth century. The Eastern Christian church, centered in Constantinople, split from the Western church in Rome over the issue of whether or not the presence of icons in the church itself represented a form of idol worship. The Eastern church cleansed itself of icons thereby sending all those who held these objects as sacred into hiding. This is when the fish symbol representing Christianity cane into existence. The people would draw that symbol on the palm of their hand as a way of identifying themselves to people of like belief.

Later in the eleventh and twelfth centuries the local Cappadocains used these manmade caves as hiding places from Arab raiders. During this period numerous frescoes were painted on the walls and ceilings of the cave cathedrals.

Tuesday 9/28/95

Against the urging of the package tour salesman, we decided to visit the underground cities by ourselves. There are tow underground cities open to the public; one at Kaymakli and on at Derinkuyu (pronounced Derin-a-q).

Even though it was further away, the site at Derinkuyu sounded more interesting - so that's where we headed. We took a $0.30 bus ride to Neveshir, from where we caught the $0.60 bus to the village of Derinukuyu. The bus system here is excellent and we had no problems getting to this little out of the way town. On the road we pass a Seljuk fortress perched above Neveshir and numerous abandoned homes carved into steep rocky slopes. The view reminded me of the Anazazi ruins of the Southwestern United States, I was frustrated by not being able to take a photo.

Derinkuyu is a dusty little village which appears to have lost none of it's charm to the tourist attraction lying just outside of town. The bus station was at the extreme North end of town, while the underground city was the extreme South. By traveling on our own Melony and I had the wonderful experience of walking the streets of and ancient village without the constant hassles of trinket salesmen and restaurateurs.

When we arrived at the souvenir shop and tour bus infested underground city it was like stepping back into the twentieth century.  The caves were nearly empty of  tourists, and we negotiated the confined tunnels with relative ease.

There are some forty underground cities scattered around Cappadocia, their origins can be traced back to 401 BC. During the seventh through the tenth centuries the local Christian population was under siege from Arab raiders. These early Christians used the caves as fortresses and hiding places. Although only seven floors have been excavated it is believed that the site at Derinukyu is over twenty stories deep.

Friday 9/29/95

The overnight bus arrived at the Antalya station 4:30 AM. We took our chances with a pension peddler who put us into a taxi telling the driver instructions to his hotel, the Bachus pansion. The place is nice, it has hot water and is located near the old harbor, probably the only scenic part of this big concrete gray city. The room costs $12.00 per night.

After a short nap and a shower we went about exploring the town of Antalya. After breakfast we strolled along the waterfront park. Four shoeshine boys tried to sell us on a shine even though we were both wearing sandals. unfortunately we had become accustomed to Turkish manners and didn't notice the brat sneaking us behind Mel.. The kid instantly ruined her sandals by smearing some crappy cream on the suede uppers. Mel agreed to have her shoes shined by the little monster, if he was going to ruin her shoes at least they would be constantly ruined. However the little ass just spent about twenty seconds on each sandal, managing, to our horror, to even make a bigger mess. We bought these shoes during our trip to Glacier National Park earlier that summer, we were disheartened to see them so callously ruined. To add insult to injury the bastards demanded nearly $10.00 for the service, they were lucky to get the $0.75.

Antalya itself has little to offer. Despite the pollution and dirty concrete, the place is thick with Germans. The cheap bazaars, selling everything from imitation Izod socks to battery operated barking dogs, were especially infested. When the salesmen found out our nationality many asked why so few Americans were visiting their country. This definitely seems to be the case in Antalya, in two days we only met one other American, a solo traveling woman from San Francisco. When the shop owners try to guess where we're from they never say American, oddly enough Belgian seems to be the most popular guess.

Mel and I cane across an interesting dilemma when we tried to use the cash machine. I remember my identification code by the word it spells, unfortunately none of the machines in Antalya have letters on the keypad. We finally found a telephone in a store window which had the both letters and numbers on the keys and were back n business. No matter how well you prepare there's always something lurking to screw you up.

Antalya is a far cry form peaceful Cappadocia with farm families going to the fields in wagons towed by Turkfiat tractors and young boys riding Minsk motor scooters.

Saturday 9/30/95

Near Antalya lie three significant archeological sites; Termesos, Perge and Aspendos. Traveling by bus and taxi we were able to see two; Termesos and Perge.

We walked for our pension to the otogar (main bus terminal). We had no problem finding the bus to Kurkuteli - the first leg of our journey to Termesos.

The bus wasn't to leave for another forty five minutes so after buying some water and oranges we waited in front of the bus company office. The buses here are quite good and there are several major lines. According to the guidebooks some line may be better than others for traveling between large cities, but when into comes to going to small towns you take your chances.

Anyway, while we waited for the bus the resident ticket salesmen introduced himself, making sure to point our that he was Kurdish. He went on to ask me whether I was a Catholic or a Protestant. I was getting pretty nervous trying to choose the correct answer. I took the safe road and replied that I was undecided. His English was excellent and as the conversation wore on I became more relaxed. I had him show me his home town on the bus station map, a small town near the Syrian border. The guy turned out to be our guardian, he shoed off bums and when we returned for the trip to Perge he helped us find the right bus.

We boarded the bus to Kurkuteli and told the driver that we were headed for Termesos. After about thirty minutes of outside of town the bus pulled over at the sign marking the ruins. An Italian tourist, bearing a remarkable resemblance to the actor Nicholas Cage, got off the bus with us. I asked him if he wouldn't mind sharing the nine kilometer taxi ride to the ruins, he replied through a proud accent, " I don't see why not." He went on to give us advice by saying, "you have to watch these stupid people, they are always trying to cheat tourists." With that bit of new knowledge we stepped into one of the two waiting taxis.

We negotiated with the driver, a young smiling Turk, that he would take us to the top and then return to take us back to the main road in two hours. The Italian didn't have a watch so he asked the driver for his, which gladly gave him. The job of a taxi driver along this road must be quite boring, I think our driver was trying to add a little excitement to his job by continually trying to break his nine kilometer speed record. Once at the Termesos parking lot it was another ten minute hike up to the ruins. Termesos has been called the "Eagles Nest" because of it's mountain top perch. The difficult terrain provided a natural fortress for the city and it was never conquered. Even Alexander the Great chose to bypass the formidable city.

The native people of Termesos were fierce warriors who called themselves Solymans after Mt. Solymus which rises above the city. The most impressive sight was the theater built into a shear cliff. A second impressive area was a huge necropolis with hundreds of scarphagi littering the hillside. Some still stood on level platforms, but most were toppled and broken.

Termesos was my first visit to the ruins of ancient Europe - it was incredible.

From Termesos we returned to Antalya, enlisted the help of our Kurdish friend and boarded the bus to Perge. This ruin was recommended by the Italian guy we met earlier in the day.

We took the bus to the small town of Aksu, where we bought some fruit and walked down a not so obvious dirt road leading to the site. We almost took a wrong turn when a passing motorist, identifying us as tourists, put us back on the right road.

The first thing that we saw was a large theater, this one was different than the theater at Termesos in that it was free-standing, not built into a hill. The architecture was impressing, the entire exterior was a checkerboard of raised panel blocks. Unfortunately the theater had been closed off for what the sign said were "conservation purposes." The Italian claimed to have found a back way in, maybe through a hole in the fence. As foreign visitors we took a more conservative stance and remained outside of the fence.

Perge is situated in the middle of arid, boulder infested rolling hills. The scenery in not as dramatic as Termesos, bus what is lacks in scenery Perge makes up for in grandeur.

Mel and I spent a lot of time examining the scattered piles of columns and pedestals which fill the infield of the horseshoe-shaped coliseum. The coliseum originally had a wall closing off the open end to protest spectators from the wild animal fights and chariot races which once took place there. The outside of the coliseum is line with dozens of sloping shop spaces with arched entryways. The guidebook claims that the names of some shop owners can still be visible carved into the ancient walls, we didn't see any names.

The remainder of Perge requires an entrance fee, it is well worth the $2.00. Dozens of columns still stand in the market place and mosaic flooring is still visible. A triple arched entrance gate and twin towers lead the way to a long boulevard, the median of which is a trough which once flowed with cooling water. Ruts made by the passing of thousands of chariots are still visible in the stone roadway.

The site was generally quiet, only one German tour group roamed about. A local shepherd sat on an carved stone block while his dog herded the flock down the ancient street.

As dusk neared we made the slow walk back to Aksu, a local woman asked me the time by pointing to my watch. After showing her the watch face she smiled and walked away saying gale gale, meaning good-bye.

We arrived back in Antalya soon enough, however the bus driver ended his run before reaching the familiar central bus station. We hooked up with an American lady form San Francisco who seemed to know what was going on. We flagged a dolmus and eventually found our way back to the old harbor.

That evening we ate a peaceful dinner near the pension. The restaurant was under a large tree which grew out of the middle of the paved roadway.

Sunday 10/1/95

Melony and I have identified the following five items desired in a hotel room:

  • Hot water
  • Toilet
  • Towels
  • Blanket
  • Toilet paper

In Turkey shoot for three out of  five.

We left the pension at about 8:00 AM, early by Turkish standard, and walked to the bus station. I was glad to be leaving the big city grime of Antalya. We ended up hitching a ride with a dolmus for the last mile.

The ride to Kas took about four hours, we wound along the coast pact secluded coves and rocky cliffs. We rode on a smaller bus whit windows that open, it is good to have some fresh air cut the cigarette haze. Much like a nineteen seventies American, the driver had no problem throwing all manner of litter out the window.

Once we arrived in Kas the pension boys couldn't even wait for us to get off the bus, they met us as we came down the aisle. Arriving is a new town is a foreign country after a four hour bus trip is disorienting enough with the help of six adolescent boys crowding around you all saying "Hello my friend. Do you have a pension?" We did trust on of the guys when we arrived in Antalya at 4:30 in the morning, but normally I would recommend having some places in mine and sticking to them. We have been using the Let's Go book a reference for pensions, they seem to be adequate although probably not the best buy for your money. The Fodors book seems to cater to a more upscale (read expensive) crowd. Even though we don't have it, other travelers seem to be happy with the budget accommodations recommended in the Lonely Planet

We pushed our way through the hotel hockers and headed towards the waterfront and our chosen accommodations, the Yali Pension. We quickly found the Yali and took a room for 500,000 TL ($10.00), it had two of the five essentials.

Although a bit touristy , Kas is a quiet, scenic seaside town. The town seem to cater to the young backpackers as it has numerous small bars, each playing 70's American rock. The town also has numerous shops which line several picturesque Ottoman streets. There is a mixed bag of vendors, some are the "Hello my friend type" while others act as though you are inconveniencing them when you ask to buy something.

Mel bought a large pillow cover made from an old kilim. The price was 1,200,000 TL ($21.00), now we have samples of both styles of Turkish carpet making.

On the outskirts of Kas lies an ancient theater facing the sea. We went there at sunset to shoot some photos. We brought some red wine opened by a boy tending a small corner grocery.

We had dinner at a restaurant noted in the Let's Go book, the food was mediocre and the service sucked. We had desert on the pension terrace facing the sea. the weather was cool and relaxing, eventually the wind picked up and we retreated to our room.

We were both quite tired and barking dogs, diesel trucks, idling buses and honking horns didn't keep us awake for long.

Monday 10/2

Mel woke up early because we intended to visit two remote ruins; Pinara and Xanthos.

We started the day with breakfast at a seaside diner , then went shopping in the market for lunch food; bread cheese and fruit.

The bus companies seemed a little confused at our request to go to Pinara, we eventually got a bus bound for Fethiye. The road betwwen Kas and Kalkan hugs the winding seacoast. About fifteen kilometers north of Kas is a beautiful little beach formed at the mouth of a narrow canyon. There is parking alongside the highway with a wooden stairway leading to the beach below. The will be a good place to visit when we come back

The bus took a short rest a the town of Kalkan. The streets looked crowed with tourists, but the town's location overlooking a sparkling blue cove counteracted the string of cheap souvenir shops. I stepped out of the bus to take some photos of the white mosque set against the blue water. Some guy came up to em and asked what I was taking a picture of and state that the government doesn't allow pictures to be taken here. I laughed and shrugged him off thinking that he was only exhibiting that strange Turkish humor, like asking 5,000,000TL for something that only costs 5000. Unfortunately he maintained a serious look and kept saying, "pictures not free, not free." I stated to get pissed and told him that I was getting on the bus, and that I wasn't paying for anything. I was angry for a while, but it wore off as the new scenery and new experiences took over.

From Kalkan we left the seacoast and headed towards an agricultural valley bounded on the East and West by eroded mountain ranges. The bus stopped along a deserted stretch of read and the conductor motioned to us that this was the stop for Pinara. Mel and I were on the only passengers to step off. The bus had stopped about 100 yards from the turnoff to the town nearest Pinara - Minare. While we were walking to the turnoff a dolmus pulled up and dropped off a solitary passenger. When we arrived at the turn to Minare we found that the dolmus passenger, a Swiss tourist, had already arranged for a ride to town in the back of a local's flatbed truck. We gladly accepted the invitation for a ride, thereby saving us a eight kilometer walk to Minare.

As it turns out the gut with the truck owns a restaurant in town, so naturally that's where he took us. We has some tea under a shade tree before starting the four kilometer walk uphill to the ruins of Pinara. The restaurant owner sent his dog to keep us company as we bushwhacked up the hill per his instructions. Just as we were about to get worried we came across the well used dirt road leading to the ruins.

The walk to Pinara revealed rocky hills with terraced fields and pastures underneath bare craggy peaks. Just as the guidebook predicted, we found the site custodian relaxing beneath a shade tree.

The three of us went directly to the well preserved theater. The Fodors book stated that this theater is unique in that it has one of the best preserved stage housed in all of Turkey and Greece. The theater itself was in wonderful condition and the view for the top seats wonderfully peaceful, but the remains of the stage house seemed less than impressive. Mel and I had a lunch of wine, bread, cheese and fruit while our Swiss friend went to explore and have a smoke.

Football-sized loaves of French bread are available all over Turkey for about $0.20. The wine is also quite good, we bought a bottle of red from the Doluca Vineyards for $1.75.

Pinara is a Lycean town and has many grave sites carved into the surrounding hills. Some are just caves, many of which dot the huge rock monolith just above the center of town. Others, most of which are quite accessible, have elaborate frontal facades fashioned to resemble ancient temples. The three of us B-lined across numerous tiered field to get a closer look at some of the elaborately carved cave tombs.

Each cave was about two meters on a side, the contents of which had long since been removed.

We continued on a trail past a large sarcophagus to the site of the main city. Melony notice the unique heart-shaped columns at the ruins of the Temple of Athena. At the central ruins we encountered several other tourists who appeared to have driven to the site.

Mel and I left the Swiss traveler when we followed a sign pointing towards a rough boulder strewn trail. The trail led us past several other cave tombs which were accentuated by the autumn colors unleashed in he lonely forest. We enjoyed the peace and quiet for a while, until a local man came by giving a personal tour to a couple of German newlyweds. Soon we were back on the road debating where or not we should walk into Minare to look for a taxi or just walk the eight kilometers back to the highway. Mel was for walking, it was a nice sunny day with a cool breeze so I was agreeable even though we would probable arrive at the road too late too see Xanthos.

When we arrived at the road leading out of Minare the restaurateur offered us a seat, we tried to decline gracefully by stating that we still wanted to visit Xanthos while there was still daylight. Even though we gave him no business he insisted on giving us a ride to the highway, we even stopped to pick up a woman dressed in traditional car, who he drove past our drop-off.

The site of Pinara is omitted for the Let's Go book, probably because of it's difficulty to reach by those confined to busses and dolmus. I found the remoteness of the site to be its most appealing aspect, it gave us a chance to meet local people and wander the countryside. The Swiss tourist also mentioned a place very close to Pinara which he refereed to as Saklikent. He described it as a picturesque valley bounded by near vertical canyon walls. The restaurateur also gave this spot his sign of approval. We pulled out the map and tried noted it to be near the ruins of Tlos. Mel thinks that Saklikent may be the Butterfly Valley which was recommended to her by a person waiting in front of her at the Thomas Cook currency exchange office in Bellevue.

We only waited about ten minutes for the dolmus to come by. The driver dropped us off near Xanthos, a ten minute walk brought us to the ruins.

Xanthos is a particularly interesting town in that instead of surrendering to a conquering army the solder killed all of the women and children, burned the city and rushed headlong into certain death on the battlefield. Once all the women and children were rounded up into a large building which was then set aflame.

Xanthos had an impressive theater and two often photographed monolithic blocks each housing a sarcophagi. We also wandered through some excavated housed and baths, one building has extensive mosaics on the floor covered over a thin layer of windblown sand. When I sat the first bit of mosaic flooring at Perge I was amazed that it had survived for two thousand years, now ancient mosaic floor were commonplace among the sites we visit.

A thrilling sunset bus ride along the winding coast put us back as Kas at around 7:00 PM. We ate at an all you can eat place near the produce market.

Tuesday 10/3/95

The Swiss tourist we met at Pinara suggested that we should stay in the small town of Dalyan instated of venturing to the big city grime of Boderum. We accepted his advice and caught the first morning bus from Kas. The bus didn't go directly to Dalyon, but instead went as far as Ortoga (pronounced or-toe-ja) from where we continued by dolmus.

We shared the dolmus with an Australian named Bart and an American named Greg, who was form Seattle. We would continue to bump into Greg for the remainder of our trip. Greg and Bart talked us into following a lady they met at the bus station to some unoccupied apartment buildings which were being rented out as pensions. Since they has prior knowledge of the place we jumped on the bandwagon.

The place was more spacious than we needed and it was about a ten minute walk from town, but the price was right at 500,000 TL ($10.00) so didn't waste any more time looking for a place to stay.

Mel was champing at the bit to hit the beach so we changed and walked into town. Dalyon itself is not actually on the coast, but rather lies along a river which meanders through several miles of reed marsh before dumping into the Mediterranean.

We caught the inexpensive public boat for the forty five minute ride to the beach. The driver navigated the boat through a web of channels cris-crossing green reedbeds. On the distance rock walls we could see the carved Lycean tombs similar to those at Pinara.

The Beach, supposedly the longest in Turkey is adequate as far as beaches go, we had a relaxing afternoon.

Wed. 10/4/95

From Dalyon, Mel and I planned to travel to our final destination; the Aegean town of Selcuk. Before we left Dalyon we tried to find the pension manager who met us at the bus stop the day before in order to pay our bill. Unable to find anything resembling a managers office we left 500,000 TL in the room and walked into town for breakfast.

Since there was no direct bus from Dalyon to Selcuk we planned to travel by dolmus to dusty town of Ortaca where we had reserved tickets on the 11:00 bus to Selcuk. The late departure of our bus allowed for a leisurely morning, we had a solitary breakfast at a local cafe promising waffles and filter coffee. The smooth coffee was a welcome relief from the gritty Turkish coffee and bitter instant coffee (Nescafe), my only previous options. The waiter brought a cup for Mel also which meant a bonus for me. Mel's waffle smelled great, she had to tell the waiter twice that she didn't want any ice cream on top, which to me actually sounded like a tasty idea.

The three hour bus ride to Selcuk was the worst one yet, the combination of winding roads, heat and cigarette smoke about made me pass out. Just before arriving in town Mel and I followed our practiced routine of looking through the Let's Go book for several good pensions. Top on our list was the Karahan because they supposedly provide rides to the Samos ferry terminal and to Ephesus.

Once again we were the only tourists getting off of the bus and the hotel hockers surrounded us before we could even find our backpacks. When we informed them that we intended to stay at the Karahan two of the hockers got into a fist fight over who would escort us, and thereby get a commission for selling a room. We made a quick exit in the direction of hotel, after about one block a third hocker, taking advantage of the fight among his compadres, circled in for the kill, and escorted us to the front door.

After waking up the owner, Smiley, we discovered that the Karahan was full that evening, but that they were willing to direct us to another pension that evening and that we could stay the following night. We probably would have just permanently moved to another pension except for the fact that this one looked really nice and more importantly the Karahan owner was willing to take us to the Samos ferry terminal the next morning. Our cunning escort once again led us to our temporary lodging, the place was bare bones but the owner was nice and we were tired so we took the room.

This pension was very typical of what we saw in Turkey- clean, hard pillows and an invisible manager. The Karahan on the other hand seemed to be a be-in sight for backpackers, and was run by three very visible brothers. When we returned to the Karahan later that evening to pay for the Samos ferry tickets which we had reserved during our first visit, the younger brother, Jeff, took us to the oldest brother's carpet and rug shop down the street. It turns out that he owns a second rug shop in Seattle, we only stayed around long enough to look at some pictures and to be asked if we could pick up two bottles of Bacardi rum at the ferry terminal duty free shop. This request made us a little uncomfortable and it was decided that we would just conveniently forget to stop for the rum.

Thurs 10/5/95

We had agreed to be at the Karahan at 7:15 in order to catch the 8:30 ferry to Samos. The front door at the Karahan was still locked at 7:15 but Jaff must have heard us fiddling with the latch as he opened the door before we even rang the bell. Smiley prepared me a typical Turkish breakfast of tomatoes, olives cheese, boiled egg, bread, jam and coffee (Nescafe) before we drove the ten miles to the ferry terminal at Kasadasi. We were running a little late as Smiley pushed the peddle to the floor of his little Turkish sedan.

Once at the docks Smiley ran ahead and flagged down some guy standing among the crowd who immediately asked for our passports and took off. Smiley informed us that he would pick us up at 6:30 and too was gone. Once Mel and I regained our senses we became quite concerned over the fact that we had just given our passports over to some stranger, every minute seemed like an hour as we stood among the crowd, concerned and confused. Within a couple of minutes the guy returned with our passports and also gave us a boarding pass for the ferry.

We shared the ferry with a group of partying Germans who opened their first beers at 9:00 AM. The warm sun took the bite off of the cool morning sea breeze as we made the ninety minute trip to Greece. While going through customs in the town of Samos we were informed that we needed to take our passports over to a tourist office and leave them there for the duration of our stay, we could pick them back up when we got on the return boat. One of the guide books mentioned that visitors from Turkey to Greece need to leave their passports so this unusual request didn't come as a complete surprise.

We spent the morning prowling around the back alley shops followed up with a traditional lunch of Greek salad and a Gryo sandwiches. Mel seemed to have her heart set on renting a scooter and spending the afternoon exploring the hilly green island. R3ealizing that there was nothing else to do for the next four hours I reluctantly agreed. There is no shortage of motor scooters to be rented on Samos, we went to a recognized name - Budget Rent a Car, just in case the thing conks out leaving us stranded.

We took off along the winding road leading out of town past snow white houses and olive trees. The poor little 50cc scooter was having trouble hauling the two of us over some of the hills, but we managed to make it to the end of the road - about five miles from town. On the way back the scooter shrugged to a halt and died. Mel walked the rest of the way up a large hill while I went ahead solo on the scooter. Feeling guilty I went back and gave the bike to Mel while I jogged along behind.

We toured around for about three hours, checking out both the East and West exits from town as well as some side streets, before finally returning the scooter. The Budget Rent a Car office, like most of the surrounding businesses, was closed when we arrived at 4:30. We returned the keys to the bartender at the neighboring restaurant as instructed and hurried off to find a bakery we had passed that morning. The Turks have great food, but the Greeks certainly have topped them in the pastry department. We found the Bakery just in time to return to the ferry docks at the instructed time of 6:15.

When we arrived at the docks we discovered that whoever was in charge of holding the passports mixed them up between the two independent ferries operating between Samos and Kusadasi. Even though both captains were adamant about returning with the same passengers the ferries left on schedule. We watched a beautiful sunset as we crossed the straits over to Turkey, Mel and I stayed on deck to enjoy the show even though most passengers made the return trip in the shelter of the cabin.

We spent thirty minutes in Kusadasi waiting for Smiley, the town is an ugly trap for tour busses and cruise ships, thirty minutes was twenty nine too long.

We ate dinner at the Ephisus cafe because it looked to be the most crowded. The waiter convinced me to try the white fish - "maybe you like it, maybe you don't. I don't know." The fish was good and at 300,000 TL it was most expensive meal.

Friday 10/6/95

Well the big day had finally arrived, Ephisus. We woke up early and went downstairs for breakfast at around 7:30. At the table were two older couples, one from Vancouver, BC and one from Portland. Mel later made the accurate observation that every American that we met had been for the West Coast. The older of the two couples owned a furniture refinishing shop in Portland and only planned to spend two days in Turkey, as the majority of their trip was spent in the Greek isles. The second couple were on the start of a grand tour of Turkey as part of a huge around the world itinerary. We enjoyed sharing our experiences and survival tips.

Smiley showed up at 8:45, the gates at Ephisus had already been open for fifteen minutes. Mel was visibly irritated, I just kept on reminding myself yabashi yabashi - Turkish for slowly slowly We shared a ride with the couple from Portland, Smiley offered to pick us up at 11:30, it took some time to convince him that we wanted to spend more time at the site and could find our own way home.

Fortunately we had beat the tour buses, after buying a rather humorously worded guidebook we took off to take some pictures of the uncrowded ruins in the low morning light. We were both battling sore throats and Melony now had a full blown cold, she quickly grew tired of my shoot and run style. When we reached the Odion tour busses were beginning to line up at the second entrance. Tour groups, complete with whistle blowing guides and old ladies carrying umbrellas to guard against the sun as if they were parasols, were already massing at each point of interest. I must admit that I was impressed by the Turkish guides who spoke Japanese, English, German and French interchangeably.

Mel and I made our way over to the Museum of the inscriptions in order to make some rubbings with the pencils and sketch paper we had purchased in Samos. Even though the museum which houses all of the well preserved inscriptions was closed we were still able to find the word Ephes still carved deep into a block of marble. We took our time making two rubbings, after which we planned to retrace our steps, this time spending time to appreciate the splendor. When we returned to the main colonnade we were both amazed to find the entire marble street packed with tourists. As it was nearing 12:00 we decided to find a place to have lunch and wait for the crowds to die down.

We had a peaceful lunch of cheese, bread and fruit under the trees near the gymnasium. Time has reduced the gymnasium to a football sized field of carved stones and toppled columns. We tried to form a mental picture of what the building looked like by mentally placing together the broken foundation and the toppled building blocks. Once again I was astounded by the sheer mass of this architecture. From the gymnasium we headed to what I think is the most impressive site at Ephisus - the 30,000 seat theater.

Even though it has been extensively restored the theater appears to have withstood time fairly well. It seems that the worst enemy to these ancient towns was not invading armies but instead the movement of the Earth's plates beneath the highly seismic region. My theory as to why the theaters seem to be so well preserved is because they were mostly built low into the side of hills. The surrounding buildings, on the other hand were built high above the surface of the Earth and dropped like dominoes during a quake.

From the theater we walked down the main colonnade leading to the library, chariot grooves were still visible in the marble pavement. The large avenue was complete with curbs and sidewalks. Halfway between the theater and the library is an example of early advertisement. Carved into the sidewalk is an outline of a foot and some Roman writing leading lonely pedestrians to the brothel across the street.

Archeologists knew that they had found the brothel when they dug up a small very well endowed statue. The actual statue is kept under glass at the Ephisus museum in Selcuk, but a profile picture can be seen at every postcard counter in Turkey.

The library is probably one of the most spectacular and often photographed structures at Ephisus. Extensive restoration has brought back a glimpse of the colonnaded entrance to what was actually quite a small building. Originally squeezed between two other massive buildings the front of the library is built smaller in the middle to give the illusion of depth when viewed head on. Three well preserved statues still grace the entryway.

Several illustrated plaques mounted to the library's interior walls describe how the massive building stones were quarried, transported and placed one on top of the other. Another plaque describes the restoration efforts, I was amazed at how much reinforced concrete was required to patch the whole thing together.

We spent another two hours following the guidebook from site to site. Every so often we would take a break in the shade and Mel would read several pages out loud regarding the upcoming attractions. One of my most vivid memories is the mosaic sidewalk probably over one hundred feet long.

At around two o’clock the noontime crowds had dispersed to do damage at the bazaar in Kasadasi, Mel and I strolled down nearly empty streets. As we were about to leave we met up with the Seattle guy who had helped us get a room in Dalyan. His name was Gregg and we agreed to meet him at the Selcuk PTT later that evening in order to chat and have dinner. He was traveling alone, he had met up with Bart a few days before we met the two of them at Dalyon, they had gone their separate ways the night before.

Ephisus is an important city in the history of Western civilization. For centuries the Ephiseans worshiped the god Artimus, a sort of mother nature god. When the apostle Paul visited the city and preached against the worshipping of false images the idol makers incited a riot, Paul barely escaped with his life. Most people who are familiar with the Bible know of Ephisus from Paul’s letter to the Ephiseas which is one the books of the New Testiment. A little known fact about Ephisus is that the Apostle Paul took Mary, the Mother of Jesus, here to spend the final years of her life.

The fist Ecumenical council also met at Ephisus during the fourth century to debate whether or not Jesus was the son of God when he walked on the Earth of was simply a great prophet who became the son of god when he ascended form the dead. The Western church, centered in Rome, won the debate declaring that Jesus was born the son of God thereby making Mary the Mother of God - quite an impressive title.

As we walked back to the main highway leading to Selcuk we nearly had to fight off a guy wanting to give us a lift. We explained to him that we wanted to walk in order to check out the huge thirty thousand seat arena, he could hardly take no for an answer. As we neared the highway a little boy appeared from behind a tree and tried to sell us an old coin. The opportunity was tempting, but smuggling historical artifacts out of Turkey is on par with smuggling drugs.

A quick dolmus ride put us back in town with enough time to get leaned up before meeting Gregg for dinner. Ephisus is only a few kilometers from Selcuk, and walking between the two is entirely possible. I think we would have opted to walk if we had known about the tree lined trail paralleling the highway.

Saturday 10/7/95

Before the Westernization of Turkey by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk much of the population outside of Istanbul relied on traveling butchers, blacksmiths and salesmen who periodically set up shop in the local bazaar. Fortunately strip malls and warehouse sized grocery stores have yet to reach Selcuk,and the local citizenry still crowd the Saturday open market buying everything from underwear to horse blankets.

Mel and I left the hotel at 7:00 hoping to beat the tourist crowds and get some early morning photographs. The Turkish people and very colorful, especially the woman, and seem to have no disagreement with having their picture taken. I however, being intensely fearful of even the remotest chance of conflict, chose to sneak pictures from a safe distance. Those whom I was able to record on film must have thought me rather silly peering from behind piles of shoeboxes, or employing my most practiced trick - after setting my exposure on a nearby subject I quickly turn towards my unsuspecting target, focus and shoot. More often than not this technique results in blurry, poorly composed images. If I'm going to be successful at travel photography I must find the courage to approach people with my camera. Obviously I returned to Seattle with no fulfilling portraits.

During our stay in Istanbul I noticed a several street vendors selling a type of lose cotton shirt with colorful designs woven with thick thread. I decided that instead of carrying the shirt around in my already overcrowded backpack I would wait until our final days in Turkey before purchasing a souvenir shirt. Because they were available on nearly every street corner I saw no fault with this strategy. Now it was nearly two weeks later and I had yet to see another shirt of that type, I was getting desperate. I enlisted Melony in the search, we became trained at the art of scanning a merchants inventory without giving the impression that we were interested in buying anything. Actually our technique wasn't that good and more often than not we were confronted with the continual "yes please, yes please" of the sidewalk salesmen. The Selcuk market was nearly our last chance to find the coveted shirt, without it our trip would fall short of perfection, like a wedding without flowers.

When we arrived many of the vendors were still stringing up tarps and arranging their goods on makeshift tables or on blankets spread along the street. We bought grapes, cucumbers and a palm granite, but no shirt. Melony stopped to look at some jewelry sold by an round middle aged woman wearing a traditional sirvar and a head scarf. We were painfully taught one lesson about shopping in Turkey - never let the salesperson put anything in your hand, from that point on the item is considered yours, the only question is at what price. When she lowered the price to two hundred and fifty thousand Turkish Lyra I showed a one million note, hoping that she would become flustered at the prospect of making change for such a large note (about twenty dollars) and set us free, a scenario played over and over again at nearly every monetary exchange involving over ten dollars. As I was about to walk away avoiding the sale, she enthusiastically said "make change make change" and pulled out a fistful of Lyra. Defeated, we walked away with a five dollar onyx and silver bracelet.

The bus system in Turkey is very easy to master, you just walk into the parking lot of the otogar - the bus station and wait for some ticket peddler to approach you - you won't have to wait long. Mel and I informed our helper that we wanted to go to Didim, we intended to see the Temple of Apollo, he pointed to a corner across the street where several people were standing. We knew that there were no direct buses to Didim, and that we would need to first get to Soke, from there we would travel by dolmus. We waited patiently, attempting, and probably failing, to look like we were hardened travelers, no assistance needed here thank you. After we passed on four buses we decided to return to the bus station and put on the lost dog face. This time we got more information, we needed the bus for Bodrum, we had just missed the 10:00, the next one should be here around11:15. Maybe we hadn't mastered this system after all.

Soke is a centuries old trading town, a supply center and base camp for the traveling merchants. This town is all business, dusty streets lined with overflowing shops, lumber, cloth, even Turkfiat tractors. While waiting at a red light I stared through the van window at a sun cooked face smoking a hand rolled cigarette through missing teeth. His features were sharp like those of an American Indian, an orange bandana tied Arafat style, draped down the middle of his back. His ancestors ruled this country, the thunder of their horses drove civilizations into hiding, seeking refuge in caves and underground cities.

From Soke we traveled forty minutes South to the hamlet of Didim. Along the way we passed cotton fields filled with migrant workers cleaning the spiked plants by hand. Women in head scarves drooped over the knee high crop as men carried mattress-sized bales to waiting trucks.

While visiting the Ephisus Museum at Solcuk I saw a nomadic herders tent, made of loosely woven black wool it had the floor space of the average American bathroom. This tent could have been any one of the dozens we saw lining the fields, the homes of nomads desperately clinging for survival.

Didim was a dirty little tourist town, making the most of it's one attraction - the Temple of Apollo. Built on the same scale as the Parthinon, the Temple of Apollo was one of three colossal Helenistic structures built along the Agean Coast. It's companions to the North; the Temple of Artemis at Ephisus and the Temple of Hera on Samos have never been found. Only a handful of the huge fluted columns remain, it was like stepping onto a forest of old growth Douglas Firs after spending days among tree farms. A bas-relief Medussa head stands at the entrance gate, I recognized it from the cover of the guide book we had left at home.

After returning to Soke we caught a late afternoon ride to Priene. A ten minute walk from the bus stop took us to the entrance to the ancient city. We city is situated on a bluff overlooking a valley of cotton fields, through the middle of which winds the Meander river. We hurried among the ruins having arrived only one hour before closing. The toppled remains of fluted columns were spread among the grassy fields like th cogs and gears of some huge machine. The theater and much of the stage house remained intact, complete with four front row thrones - box seats of ancient Greece.

That evening we returned to the Ephisus cafe. We were now well known by both the waiter and the owner, they both seems more than a little disappointed when I didn't try the fish.

Sunday 10/8/95 - Monday 10/9/95

Twelve hours by bus to Istanbul, twenty four hours by plane to Seattle Jeff and Teri waited an hour for us at the airport, Scott met us at home so we wouldn't return to a dark house.